Obesity may exacerbate effects of Alzheimer’s disease: Study
The study used three complementary, computational techniques to look at the anatomy of the brain, blood flow and also the fibres of the brain.
Obesity is an additional burden on brain health and it may exacerbate Alzheimer’s disease, according to a new study.
The pioneering multimodal neuroimaging study conducted by the UK-based University of Sheffield revealed that obesity may contribute toward neural tissue vulnerability, whilst maintaining a healthy weight in mild Alzheimer’s disease dementia could help to preserve brain structure.
The findings, published in The Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease Reports recently, also highlight the impact being overweight in mid-life could have on brain health in older age.
“More than 50 million people are thought to be living with Alzheimer’s disease and despite decades of ground-breaking studies and a huge global research effort we still don’t have a cure for this cruel disease,” said lead author of the study, Professor Annalena Venneri from the university’s Neuroscience Institute and NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre.
“Prevention plays such an important role in the fight against the disease. It is important to stress this study does not show that obesity causes Alzheimer’s, but what it does show is that being overweight is an additional burden on brain health and it may exacerbate the disease,” she said.
The diseases that cause dementia such as Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia lurk in the background for many years, so waiting until your 60s to lose weight is too late, she said.
“We need to start thinking about brain health and preventing these diseases much earlier. Educating children and adolescents about the burden being overweight has on multimorbidities including neurodegenerative diseases is vital,” Venneri said.
Researchers from the University of Sheffield and the University of Eastern Finland examined MRI brain scans from 47 patients clinically diagnosed with mild Alzheimer’s disease dementia, 68 patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 57 cognitively healthy individuals.
The study used three complementary, computational techniques to look at the anatomy of the brain, blood flow and also the fibres of the brain.
The international team compared multiple brain images and measured differences in local concentrations of brain tissues to assess grey matter volume – which degenerates during the onset of Alzheimers – white matter integrity, cerebral blood flow and obesity.
In mild dementia patients, a positive association was found between obesity and grey matter volume around the right temporoparietal junction. This suggests obesity might contribute toward neural vulnerability in cognitively healthy individuals and those with mild cognitive impairment.
The study also found that maintaining a healthy weight in dementia could help preserve brain structure in the presence of age and disease-related weight loss.
Joint author of the study, Dr Matteo De Marco from the University of Sheffield’s Neuroscience Institute, said: ?Weight-loss is commonly one of the first symptoms in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease as people forget to eat or begin to snack on easy-to-grab foods like biscuits or crisps, in place of more nutritional meals.
“We found that maintaining a healthy weight could help preserve brain structure in people who are already experiencing mild Alzheimer’s disease dementia. Unlike other diseases such as cardiovascular disease or diabetes, people don’t often think about the importance of nutrition in relation to neurological conditions, but these findings show it can help to preserve brain structure,” he said.
According to Professor Hilkka Soininen, joint author of the paper, it is important to avoid obesity for brain health, but for patients with Alzheimer’s disease, it is essential to take care of proper nutrition and maintain a healthy weight.
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