How to tell if your teen is depressed

Kids Health

Teen depression is a serious mental health problem that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest in activities. It affects how your teenager thinks, feels and behaves, and it can cause emotional, functional and physical problems. Although depression can occur at any time in life, symptoms may be different between teens and adults.

Issues such as peer pressure, academic expectations and changing bodies can bring a lot of ups and downs for teens. But for some teens, the lows are more than just temporary feelings—they’re a symptom of depression.

Teen depression isn’t a weakness or something that can be overcome with willpower—it can have serious consequences and requires long-term treatment. For most teens, depression symptoms ease with treatment such as medication and psychological counseling.

Teen depression signs and symptoms include a change from the teenager’s previous attitude and behavior that can cause significant distress and problems at school or home, in social activities, or in other areas of life.

Depression symptoms can vary in severity, but changes in your teen’s emotions and behavior may include the examples below.

Feelings of sadness, which can include crying spells for no apparent reason
Frustration or feelings of anger, even over small matters
Feeling hopeless or empty
Irritable or annoyed mood
Loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities
Loss of interest in, or conflict with, family and friends
Low self-esteem
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Fixation on past failures or exaggerated self-blame or self-criticism
Extreme sensitivity to rejection or failure, and the need for excessive reassurance
Trouble thinking, concentrating, making decisions and remembering things
Ongoing sense that life and the future are grim and bleak
Frequent thoughts of death, dying or suicide

Watch For These Changes In Behavior:

Tiredness and loss of energy
Insomnia or sleeping too much
Changes in appetite—decreased appetite and weight loss, or increased cravings for food and weight gain
Use of alcohol or drugs
Agitation or restlessness—for example, pacing, hand-wringing or an inability to sit still
Slowed thinking, speaking or body movements
Frequent complaints of unexplained body aches and headaches, which may include frequent visits to the school nurse
Social isolation
Poor school performance or frequent absences from school
Less attention to personal hygiene or appearance
Angry outbursts, disruptive or risky behavior, or other acting-out behaviors
Self-harm—for example, cutting, burning, or excessive piercing or tattooing
Making a suicide plan or a suicide attempt

What’S Different From Usual Behavior?

It can be difficult to tell the difference between ups and downs that are just part of being a teenager and teen depression. Talk with your teen. Try to determine whether he or she seems capable of managing challenging feelings, or if life seems overwhelming.

When To See A Health Care Provider

If depression signs and symptoms continue, begin to interfere in your teen’s life, or cause you to have concerns about suicide or your teen’s safety, talk to a health care provider or a mental health professional trained to work with adolescents. Your family medicine specialist or pediatrician is a good place to start. Or your teen’s school may recommend someone.

Depression symptoms likely won’t get better on their own—and they may get worse or lead to other problems if untreated. Depressed teenagers may be at risk of suicide, even if signs and symptoms don’t appear to be severe.

If you’re a teen and you think you may be depressed—or you have a friend who may be depressed—don’t wait to get help. Talk to a health care provider such as your health care provider or school nurse. Share your concerns with a parent, a close friend, a spiritual leader, a teacher or someone else you trust.

When To Get Emergency Help

Suicide is often associated with depression. If you think you may hurt yourself or attempt suicide, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately. Also consider these options if you’re having suicidal thoughts:

Call your mental health professional.
Call a suicide hotline. In the U.S., call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (1-800-273-8255) or use its webchat on suicidepreventionlifeline.org/chat.
Seek help from your primary health care provider.
Reach out to a close friend or loved one.
Contact a minister, spiritual leader or someone else in your faith community.
Never ignore comments or concerns about suicide. Always take action to get help. If a loved one or friend is in danger of attempting suicide or has made an attempt:
Make sure someone stays with that person.
Call 911 or your local emergency number immediately.
Or, if you can do so safely, take the person to the nearest hospital emergency room.

Possible Causes

It’s not known exactly what causes depression, but a variety of issues may be involved. These include:

Brain chemistry. Neurotransmitters are naturally occurring brain chemicals that carry signals to other parts of your brain and body. When these chemicals are abnormal or impaired, the function of nerve receptors and nerve systems changes, leading to depression.
Hormones. Changes in the body’s balance of hormones may be involved in causing or triggering depression.
Inherited traits. Depression is more common in people whose blood relatives—such as a parent or grandparent—also have the condition.
Early childhood trauma. Traumatic events during childhood, such as physical or emotional abuse, or loss of a parent, may cause changes in the brain that make a person more susceptible to depression.
Learned patterns of negative thinking. Teen depression may be linked to learning to feel helpless—rather than learning to feel capable of finding solutions for life’s challenges.

Many Factors Increase The Risk Of Developing Or Triggering Teen Depression:

Having issues that negatively impact self-esteem, such as obesity, peer problems, long-term bullying or academic problems
Having been the victim or witness of violence, such as physical or sexual abuse
Having other mental health conditions, such as bipolar disorder, an anxiety disorder, a personality disorder, anorexia or bulimia
Having a learning disability or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Having ongoing pain or a chronic physical illness such as cancer, diabetes or asthma
Having certain personality traits, such as low self-esteem or being overly dependent, self-critical or pessimistic
Abusing alcohol, nicotine or other drugs
Being gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender in an unsupportive environment
Family history and issues with family or others may also increase your teenager’s risk of depression, such as:
Having a parent, grandparent or other blood relative with depression, bipolar disorder or alcohol use problems
Having a family member who died by suicide
Having a dysfunctional family and family conflict
Having experienced recent stressful life events, such as parental divorce, parental military service or the death of a loved one

Complications

Untreated depression can result in emotional, behavioral and health problems that affect every area of your teenager’s life. Complications related to teen depression may include, for example:

Alcohol and drug misuse
Academic problems
Family conflicts and relationship difficulties
Involvement with the juvenile justice system
Suicide attempts or suicide

Prevention

There’s no sure way to prevent depression. However, these strategies may help. Encourage your teenager to:

Take steps to control stress, increase resilience and boost self-esteem to help handle issues when they arise
Reach out for friendship and social support, especially in times of crisis
Get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem to help prevent depression from worsening
Maintain ongoing treatment, if recommended, even after symptoms let up, to help prevent a relapse of depression symptoms

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